2026 年 USACO竞赛 首场比赛白金组问题二—Lineup Counting Queries

There is a line of cows, initially (i.e. at time t=0) containing only cow 0 at position 0 (here, a cow is at position k if there are k cows in front of it). At time t for t=1,2,3,…, the cow at position 0 moves to position ⌊t/2⌋, every cow in positions 1 ⌊t/2⌋moves forward one position, and cow t joins the line at the end of the line (position t).

Answer Q (1≤Q≤105) independent queries each of the following form:

Out of cows l1r1, how many are located at positions l2…r2 immediately after time t? (0≤l1r1t,0≤l2r2t,t≤1018)

INPUT FORMAT (input arrives from the terminal / stdin):

The first line contains Q, the number of queries.

The next Q lines each contain five integers specifying a query of the form "lr1 l2 r2 t."

OUTPUT FORMAT (print output to the terminal / stdout):

Output the answer to each query on a separate line.

SAMPLE INPUT:

4
0 9 0 9 9
3 5 4 5 9
4 5 3 5 9
1 1 3 3 9

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

10
2
1
1

Lineups at various times:

t = 0 | 0
t = 1 | 0 1
t = 2 | 1 0 2
t = 3 | 0 1 2 3
t = 4 | 1 2 0 3 4
t = 5 | 2 0 1 3 4 5
t = 6 | 0 1 3 2 4 5 6
t = 7 | 1 3 2 0 4 5 6 7
t = 8 | 3 2 0 4 1 5 6 7 8
t = 9 | 2 0 4 1 3 5 6 7 8 9

At t=9 the cows from front to back are [2,0,4,1,3,5,6,7,8,9].

To answer the third query, the cows at positions 3…5 are [1,3,5], and only one of them is in the range 4…5.

SAMPLE INPUT:

1
0 1000000000000000000 0 1000000000000000000 1000000000000000000

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

1000000000000000001

SCORING:

Input 3: Q≤1000,t≤100
Inputs 4-7: l1=r1
for all queries
Inputs 8-14: r1≤2⋅l1 for all queries
Inputs 15-21: No additional constraints

Problem credits: Agastya Goel and Benjamin Qi